Mengendalikan dan Menanggulangi Banjir Jakarta

Udah mau Desember aja ya. Itu artinya, Indonesia harus kembali bersiap-siap menatap musim baru, musim hujan. Musim yang menjadi 'musuh abadi' bagi masyarakat di beberapa kota. Musim dimana alarm banjir akan kembali berbunyi. Perahu karet pun beredar dimana-mana.

Masih inget donk, perayaan tahun baru 2014 yang lalu, ibukota kita tercinta, Jakarta, direndam banjir tahunan. Bukannya suka cita menyambut tahun baru, eh malah jadi duka cita, karena harus gotongin tivi tersayang ke masjid sebelah.

Hmm.. Masalah banjir di Jakarta emang pelik. Akarnya bukan cuma satu. Ada banyak akar yang semuanya saling terkait. Yah bisa dibilang akarnya akar serabut, bukan akar tunggang. Ribet meenn!

Waktu itu saya pernah dapat tugas membuat artikel pendek satu halaman tentang ide untuk mengendalikan dan menanggulangi banjir Jakarta. Tentunya idenya dengan menerapkan prinsip-prinsip manajemen sumberdaya alam.

Saya pikir momennya pas lah ya, masuk musim hujan. Siapa tau bisa jadi rujukan ide buat bapak-bapak yang duduk disana.

Cieileee.. Emang ente siapa rif?

Hihi.. Saya bukan siapa-siapa kok. Yah itung-itung ngisi blog yang udah mulai karatan karena udah lama ditinggal ini. Lumayan kan..

Eh btw, ini artikelnya saya copy paste langsung dalam Bahasa Inggris. Mohon ampuni saya jika nanti tuan dan puan menemukan beberapa padanan kata atau struktur kalimat yang salah. Newbie gan!

Cekidot!

Controlling and Preventing Jakarta Flood

The Indonesia capital city, Jakarta – as we know, is always suffered by flood almost every year. The data says that from year to year, the Jakarta flood is getting worse. At the beginning of this year, 2014 – the flood is the worst.

Itu Jakarta, menn!

Talking about the Jakarta flood, there are so many factors that cause the flood. These factors can be divided into two types, natural and human made factor. In natural factor, we can say the location of Jakarta which is in lower land of west of Java, is one big factor. Also, since Jakarta is in lower land, there are some river stream that is flow across Jakarta, from the upper land to the lower land, and finally reach the sea in northern of Jakarta.

Human made factors must be more. For instance: decreasing of green open space (Ruang Terbuka Hijau, RTH), lowering of land surface, bad drainage system, high population because of urbanization, bad garbage management, and so many others. Since we cannot do more to the natural factors, we have to deal with the human made factors. Recently the government is trying solve the problem by making a canal that flow the stream (traditionally called sodetan) at the upstream of Ciliwung river to the Cisadane river to decrease the volume of Ciliwung river. However, it is still a conflict, especially with the government of Banten Province, the province where the Cisadane river is. Thus, we cannot modify the river, but we can modify the river stream. The way we can do is minimizing the stream volume by conserve the upstream area. Good forest management have to be implemented at the upstream. 

One solution that can solve the flood problem is development of ecodrainage system. Ecodrainage is the term of drainage system which is environment friendly. Ecodrainage system is different to the conventional drainage system. The conventional one is built by making channels, short and straight, flow the stream, directly to the nearest river. While raining, the whole water on the surface have to flow directly to the nearest river as soon as possible. Unfortunately, the river has limited capacity to preserve all the water. As the result, the river is overflow, and the flood will be. Ecodrainage system works by making the surface water naturally infiltrate into the ground as much as possible, or flow to the river but not directly, and not more than the river capacity.

There are some methods of ecodrainage, such as conservation pond, infiltration well (sumur resapan), river side polder, and development of ground water protection area. The conservation pond will retain surface water, infiltrate to the ground, and the rest will be flow to the river. Conservation pond can be built on lower land, so it can retain surface water from the areas around. Further, conservation pond can be developed as recreation area. So it is not just for flood management, but also can be an income source for the local government. And in advance, the water can be processed and utilized as drinking water and daily use. The green open space (RTH) is also kind of ecodrainage. Green space can infiltrate the water, preserve it, so the water not directly come to the river. However, open green space in Jakarta is still does not meet the regulation. The data said that open green space in Jakarta is only 10% of total area, and decreasing. While the regulation said that each city has to have open green space at least 30%, which is 20% is public and 10% is private, of total area (UU No 26 Tahun 2007). So, it is important for the local government to consider the city development which will have impact to the open green space decreasing. 

One idea which is related to that might be hard to be implemented is ecostreet or ecopathway. Ecostreet is street that has pores which can infiltrate the water on its surface, and flow it to the conservation ponds. Moreover, in more advance, we can utilize the street to produce electricity by implementing modified solar panel system on the road surface. Of course the solar panel also has pores or holes. Technically, it is possible. Since Jakarta has large total area of street, it will be good if we can utilize the street to manage and prevent the flood in the rainy days, and also to produce electricity in normal days.

As the social method, transmigration can be one method to minimize the flood risk. Since Jakarta’s population is always getting larger and larger every year because of the urbanization, the river bank which is preserve area has been changed to be settlement area. The problem being more complicated when the people there do not have awareness to good garbage management. They throw the garbage into the river. The transmigration is expected can reduce the urban population, especially they who live at riverside preserve area. Such of environment friendly campaign also have to be given to the people.

By some methods above, it is expected that flood in Jakarta may be minimized. The flood problem is not only the duty of the government, but also all the people. So, together we can do it better, together we can have a better Jakarta.

Bahasan ente berat ye rif. Udah lama nggak nongol, pas nongol malah ngomongin beginian

Hehe.. Iya maap.. Beneran lagi nggak ada aib yang bisa diumbar nih (pinjem istilahnya +Beby Rischka).

Btw, ide tentang ecostreet di atas ternyata udah coba diterapkan di beberapa negara. Wah! Ternyata saya bukan orang pertama yang punya ide itu. Penasaran? Saya ceritain di post selanjutnya aja ya. Kyknya post ini udah terlampau panjang.

Zzz.. Nyadar juga kamu rif..